EXCERPTS FROM THE STEEL STRUCTURES PAINTING
《钢结构油漆手册》中的摘要
“The pickling and etching action of acids improves paint adhesion.”(p.98)
“用酸浸蚀和酸洗会提高油漆的附着力。”（P.98）
“Phosphate coatings are transformations of metal surfaces into new surfaces having nonmetallic and nonconductive properties and are widely used to precondition surfaces to receive and retain paint,and to protect surfaces against underpaint corrosion.”(p.98)
磷酸化的表层是把金属表面转变成一种新的成份，这种新的表层具有非金属性和非传导性的特性，这种方式被广泛地应用在油漆前金属表面的预处理，具有保护金属表面防止油漆下的腐蚀作用。(P.98)
“Phosphate coatings function in the following ways:
1. they put the surface in a nonalkaline condition-alkaline residues undermine paint finishes and thus promote corrosion;
2. they impose relative uniformity in surface texture and improved uniformity of post treatments such as paint;
3. they increase the surface area upon which the systems of attractive forces causing adhesion can act;
4. they create capilaries and micro-cavities to provide mechanical interlocking of coatings with surfaces;
5. they cushion metals against scoring and scratching;
6. they insulate metals against electrochemical corrosion;
7. they prevent reaction between the oils in paint and sensitive metals;
8. they inhibit the spread of corrosion from a damaged area to a sound area adjoining it.”(p.98-99)
“磷酸化的表层具有以下的功效：
1、 它们使金属表面形成非碱性状态—碱性渣滓会削弱油漆的抛光，从 而形成腐蚀；
2、 它们能加强金属表面结构的相对一致性，提高后续处理（如油漆） 的一致性；
3、 它们能提高金属表面接受形成粘合度物质作用的能力；
4、 它们能创造毛细管和微小的毛细管，从而提供涂料和金属表面机械 性的联锁作用；
5、 它们缓冲了对金属的刻划和磨擦；
6、 它们使金属绝缘于电化腐蚀；
7、 它们阻止了油漆中的油和敏感的金属的化学作用；
8、 它们阻止了腐蚀从受伤害的面积向周围扩散。”（P.98-99）
“Most paints can tolerate mildly acidic reaidues better than alkaline residues or from cleaners,or indeed the iron oxide or rusted steel which also has an alkaline reaction.”(p.102)
绝大多数的油漆能忍受弱酸性的渣滓，却不能忍受清洁剂中的碱性渣滓，事实上铁氧化物或生锈的钢都有碱性反应。
“Pickling with phosphoric acid offrs an iron surface with less tendency to rust and improved paint adhesion,and reduces paint failure under outdoor weather exposure exposure.It is occasionally applied to abraded surfaces with good results,especially if there is some rusting due to a delay in painting after blasting.”(p.102)
在磷酸中浸泡的过程使铁的表层具有不易生锈的趋势，并能提高油漆的附着力，减少在户外环境下油漆的脱落。这种方式常常被使用在磨擦过的金属表面，特别是那些在喷沙后因没有及时油漆而产生锈蚀的金属表面，并产生非常好的效果。
“Most paints do not adhere well and blister in a humid atmosphere if applied to an alkaline or neutral surface. For best painting results the surface pH should be slightly acid.”(p.105)
“绝大多数油漆如果涂在碱性或中性的金属表面不会附着良好，并会起泡。为了达到最好的油漆效果，金属表面的酸碱度应该是微酸的”(P.105)
Sulfuric acids should not be used for pickling metals that are to be painted because their residues stimulate rust under paint.(p.105)
硫酸不能用来浸泡预备油漆的金属，因为它们的渣滓会促进油漆下的金属生锈。（P.105）
“Depending on the pickling process used, field sandblasting rates can be reduced by as much as 50 to 60 percent.”(p.76)
根据磷酸化浸泡的过程，工程中的喷沙率可以减低50%-60%。（P.76）
“By far the most widespread use of phosphate coatings is to prolong the useful life of paint finishes.”(p.98)
“现在， 磷酸化表层最广泛的用途是延长油漆的生命。”（P.98）
Following are a number of typical areas,primarily on steel structures,where coating problems are much more prevalent than on plain surfaces:
1. edges—coatings shrink exposing edges which usually exhibit bleeding rust;
2. deep square corners—coatings shrink pulling away from the interior corner creating a void underneath that will collect moisture and promote rust;
3. discontinuous areas—areas around rivets,boltheads,theads,and similar areas exhibiting failure similar to edges and corners;
4. welds—the skip weld does not keep out moisture and it is almost impossible to apply a coating to the crevice between skipwelds contributing to bleeding rust;
5. skip welding—the skip weld does not keep out moisture and it is almost impossible to apply a coating to the crevice between skipwelds contributing to bleeding rust;
6. back to back angles—the area between the angles is difficult to clean and impossible to coat properly contributing to bleeding rust.”(p.514-517).All areas can be derusted and protected with an application of RMS products before painting and after to remove rust stains and seal expose areas as the coating system fails.
以下是一些典型的磷酸化涂料的应用领域，特别是在钢结构中涂料的问题比普通的金属表面更多：
1、 边缘处—涂料在曝露在外的边缘处皱缩，从而产生泛锈；
2、 深直角处：漆层收缩，漆层削离内角，漆层下面产生空腔，驻留潮 气，引起锈蚀；
3、 不连续区：沟槽、螺栓头、螺纹及类似区域，发生类似于边缘和直 角处的漆层收缩问题；
4、 焊接处：焊缝中的孔、下陷处和尖凸出物很难清理，驻留锈渣，引 起锈斑泛出，发疱和起皮；
5、 跳焊处：跳焊不能排队除潮气，不可能跳焊焊缝之间的缝隙中涂漆 层，致使产生泛起的锈斑；
6、 背帖角钢：角钢的背帖处很难清理，因此不可能涂完好的漆层，致 使产生泛起的锈斑。
Steel containing phosphate,coper,nickel,and chromium is four times more resistant to atmospheric corrosion than the poorest steel;when painted,ten times more corrosion resistant;and,when pretreated with a phosphate compound before painting,twenty times more corrosion resistant.(p.8)
含有磷酸盐，或铜、铝、铬的钢铁比不含此成份的钢铁具有4倍以上的抗腐蚀能力；在油漆后，具有10倍以上的抗腐蚀能力；当磷酸化处理过的金属表面油漆后具有20倍以上的抗腐蚀能力。（P.8）
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